TACLOBAN, Philippines — Two days before the typhoon hit, officials rolled through this city with bullhorns, urging residents to get to higher ground or take refuge in evacuation centers. Warnings were broadcast on state television and radio.

Some left. Some didn’t.

Residents steeled themselves for the high winds, floods and mudslides that routinely come with the typhoons that afflict this tropical nation. But virtually no one was prepared for Typhoon Haiyan’s storm surge, a 20-foot-high wall of water headed straight for them.

“It was supposed to be safe,” said Linda Maie, who stayed in her one-room house more than half a mile inland. She had heard the warnings but said her Tacloban neighborhood “has never even flooded in my 61 years.”

Her family stocked up on canned food, water and candles and covered their TV, laptops and appliances in plastic bags. But when her daughter, Alexa Wung, 16, awoke at 5 a.m. Friday to howling winds and heavy rain, it was clear that Haiyan was not a typical storm.

The house was shaking. Its wooden door frame and window hinges were banging. Peeking through the windows, Alexa saw doors and screens flying and crashing.

Their neighborhood was coming apart.

Water began seeping in through the doorway as Alexa huddled in the tiny house with her mother and brother. Then it burst through like an explosion, ripping half the door off and quickly flooding the room with knee-high water. Within minutes, it was chest-high.

By now, the family was on the dining table, watching in horror. Alexa’s brother, Victor Vincent, glanced at the ceiling as the precious pocket of air grew smaller. They thought of escaping, but Linda couldn’t swim.

Alexa checked her cellphone. It was 8:30 a.m. The icon for her mobile service provider was replaced with a circle with a slash through it.

“I knew then that even if we could scream for help, nobody in the world could hear us,” Alexa said. “We were cut off from everything.”

And the water was still rising.

It would be more than a day before the outside world knew what had happened.

Haiyan was among the most powerful typhoons on record when it struck, with wind estimates at landfall as high as 195 mph. But the first news reports hours later suggested that it had moved across the islands so fast that the country might have escaped a major catastrophe. The reality was that Tacloban and other hard-hit communities had been cut off, with electricity and cell phone towers knocked out.

The worries, in Talcoban and around the world, had been on the wind much more than the water. That’s why many of the 800,000 people who were evacuated found themselves in seemingly sturdy concrete buildings that could not protect them when the storm surge rushed in.

“Everybody knew a big storm was coming,” said Mark Burke, an American native of Washington state who lives in Tacloban with his three small children and worked as a civilian pilot on contracts supporting U.S. naval forces in the region. “But I had no idea it was going to be this hell. … Nobody imagined what was about to happen.”

The water rose so high that some residents punched holes in their roofs with their bare hands to escape.

Burke and his kids hid in a bedroom until a wall of mud came through the doors. The master bed was floating.

“Then we all got on the piano, and it started floating through the hallway,” he said. “The water kept rising, and we eventually climbed up into the attic and stayed there for a day and a half.”

In another part of Tacloban, Eflide Bacsal was standing in the kitchen of her family’s home when the wall of water hit with a furious roar.

“It was like a bomb — BOOM!” said her Sister, Gennette Bacsal. “It felt like an earthquake.”

The wave smashed through the windows and swept Eflide off her feet, sucking the 26-year-old under the swirling water. She frantically waved her arms, trying to find something to grasp. Her fingers closed around the power cord to the refrigerator. She held on as tight as she could and tried to pull herself to the surface, but the water only pushed her deeper.

She couldn’t breathe. Couldn’t think. Couldn’t see. In her panic, she began swallowing water. Everything went black. She felt herself dying. She surrendered.

And then, a hand appeared — her father’s. He grabbed her shirt and yanked her to the surface.

He hauled Eflide to the second floor of their home, where they waited along with Eflide’s sisters and mother until the surge had passed.

Other family members were less fortunate. Relatives including Eflide and Gennette’s brother, Gonathan Bacsal, 38, had taken refuge in a church, but they fled as water rushed in. As they ran through nearby woods, a cousin was decapitated by a piece of metal that whizzed through the air.

Young and elderly relatives who could not swim were trapped by the rising water, but the family said Gonathan rescued many of them. He, too, was killed by debris: The storm blew several nails and a shard of metal into his neck.

As Alexa and her family stood on their dining table, they contemplated their own deaths. The water was at Alexa’s chest, and her mother’s chin.

“Where will we go? What can we hang on to?” Alexa cried.

They were still amazed by the flood. No typhoon could cause this, Alexa thought.

Then her mother was splashed by water on her lips. It was salty. It dawned on them: This was from the sea.

The family was at their limit, and so, thankfully, was the storm. The water stopped rising, and began, very slowly, to recede. It was again knee-high by the time Alexa walked outside.

Their neighborhood, of barber shops and restaurants and homes and streets filled with small buses known here as jeepneys, was gone. There was only a vast sea of debris: wooden beams filled with nails, shattered toilets and glass, concrete rubble, uprooted trees, twisted power transformers.

Survivors wandered, dazed and wounded, covered in mud and grime. Many were barefoot with seeping gashes in their feet and bruises all over.

“Tacloban was unrecognizable,” Alexa said. “It was as if Tacloban never existed at all.”