Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Maine Forest Service and 211 Maine remind the public that browntail moth hairs remain in the environment and can get stirred up during fall yardwork. Tiny hairs shed by the caterpillars can cause a skin reaction similar to poison ivy. They can also cause trouble breathing and other respiratory problems. 

The caterpillars are active from April to late June or early July. 

“While browntail moth caterpillars might not be as noticeable at this time of the year, their hairs remain toxic and in the environment for one to three years,” said Maine CDC Director Nirav D. Shah in a news release. “It is important that Mainers take the proper prevention measures when working outside this fall.” 

The hairs can lose toxicity over time. Hairs blow around in the air and fall onto leaves and brush. Mowing, raking, sweeping, and other activities can cause the hairs to become airborne and result in skin and breathing problems. 

The state recommends that those working outdoors wear a long-sleeve shirt, long pants, goggles, a dust mask/respirator, a hat and a disposable coverall. 

The state also recommends raking or mowing when the ground is wet to prevent hairs from becoming airborne and avoid raking, mowing or using leaf blowers on dry days. 

The state also recommeds: 

• Cover your face and tightly secure clothing around the neck, wrists, and ankles. 

• Use pre-contact poison ivy wipes to help reduce hairs sticking into exposed skin. 
• Take extra care when working under decks or in other areas that are sheltered from rain. 
• Take cool showers and change clothes after outdoor activities to wash off any loose hairs. 
• Use caution with firewood stored in areas with browntail moths, especially when bringing it indoors. 

Most people affected by the hairs develop a localized rash that lasts for a few hours up to several days, according to the release. In more sensitive people, the rash can be severe and last for weeks. Hairs can also cause trouble breathing, and respiratory distress from inhaling the hairs can be serious. The rash and difficulty breathing result from both a chemical reaction to a toxin in the hairs and a physical irritation as the barbed hairs become stuck in the skin and airways.  

There is no specific treatment for the rash or breathing problems caused by browntail moth hairs. Treatment is focused on relieving symptoms. 

For more information, contact 211 Maine for answers to frequently asked questions on browntail moths, such as browntail moth biology, management, pesticide options, health concerns, and reducing toxic hair exposure.