CHARLESTON, S.C. – Thanks to globalization, and to containerized shipping, commodities swiftly move vast distances around the planet. Walmart alone imports 400,000 containers a year.

Trade flows can, however, be deflected or even defeated by a distance of just 5 feet. Herewith a story of the high costs of a few feet and of too many years required for our nation’s sluggish public processes to move.

This city’s port, the East Coast’s fourth-busiest (1.38 million shipping containers a year), is 45 feet deep. But in two years, the Panama Canal will open a larger set of locks capable of handling ships 50 percent wider and with deeper drafts than today’s “Panamax” ships — the largest that can currently transit the canal.

The first container ship reached Charleston in 1966, carrying 600 containers. Today the port receives ships carrying more than 9,000. By 2014 there will be 1,200 “post-Panamax” ships, built for commerce after the canal widening. They will carry up to 18,000 containers. The widening, says Jim Newsome, South Carolina State Ports Authority CEO, will be “the biggest game-changer in the history of containerization.”

Charleston could be out of the game, with huge anti-competitive consequences for the manufacturing and exporting industries of the Southeast — BMW, Michelin, General Electric (turbines) and others in South Carolina alone. By 2014, two-thirds of the world’s container capacity will be carried by ships bigger than the unwidened canal could handle.

There are four southeastern ports along 400 miles of Atlantic coast — Wilmington, N.C., Charleston, Savannah and Jacksonville — but none is 50 feet deep. The Army Corps of Engineers says, on the basis of preliminary studies of other harbors, that the harbor in Charleston “would probably be the cheapest South Atlantic harbor to deepen to 50 feet.”

Determining the feasibility of such projects typically takes five to eight years even if expedited (10 years or longer if not). Perhaps post-Panamax vessels will be willing to loiter offshore a decade or so.

The U.S. government would pay $120 million, South Carolina $180 million. The $300 million — a sum equal to a rounding error on the General Motors bailout — would be quickly recouped as the deepened port delivered more than $100 million in net benefits annually.

Newsome says the study for deepening Savannah’s harbor was made in 1999. It is 2012, and studies for the environmental impact statement are not finished. When they are, the project will take five years to construct. “But before that,” he says, “they’re going to be sued by groups concerned about the environmental impact.”

Newsome says that because of labor costs — in constructing and crewing ships — America has essentially no deep-sea shipping industry. This is a facet of the de-industrialization of the nation. But the nation is currently enjoying a renewed export boom, which accelerates the need for deep harbors.

The widening of the Panama Canal began in 2006; it will be completed in eight years. Newsome, who is unstinting in his praise of the Army Corps, knows it must comply with layers of laws. But even if we stipulate that all these laws are wonderful, we should also stipulate that surely things would move faster if the nation faced an emergency.

The Empire State Building was built in 14 months, the Pentagon in 16. The aircraft carrier Yorktown, which earned 11 battle stars in the Pacific, was built in less than 17 months, back when America was serious about moving forward.

Is it necessary to take eight years — just two years less than it took to build the Panama Canal with yellow fever and without computers — to deepen this harbor 5 feet?

George Will is a columnist for The Washington Post. He can be contacted at:

georgewill@washpost.com